Zhang et al. (2024) — Material and structural properties of recycled coarse aggregate concrete...

Citation

Kaijian Zhang, Qingtian Zhang, Wenqiang Lin, Junrui Ou (2024). Material and structural properties of recycled coarse aggregate concrete made with seawater and sea-sand: A review. Journal of Building Engineering, Vol. 87, Article 109042.

DOI: 10.1016/j.jobe.2024.109042
Atlas layer: extension
Related Victor Li book chapter: Chapter 4: Special ECCs / Recycled Materials & Marine Infrastructure
Source PDF: zhang-2024-material-and-structural-properties-of.pdf
Extracted text: atlas/full_text/zhang-2024-material-and-structural-properties-of_full_text.md
Source note: atlas/source_notes/zhang-2024-material-and-structural-properties-of_source_note.md

Why this paper matters

Presents a comprehensive review of seawater sea-sand recycled coarse aggregate concrete (SSRAC), summarizing mix design protocols, Belomey strength formulations, RCA water absorption compensation, and recommending hybrid combinations with ductile engineered cementitious composites (ECC) and FRP confinement to overcome structural shear brittleness.

Main contribution

Synthesized state-of-the-art literature on combining demolition waste aggregates (RCA) with untreated seawater and sea-sand.
Demonstrated that saline hydration acceleration and RCA internal curing compensate for RCA-induced compressive strength loss.
Evaluated bond behavior between SSRAC and FRP bars, proposing ECC hybrid layers to prevent rebar debonding and cover spalling.

Evidence summary

Physical database: Sea-sand fineness modulus $1.58\text{--}3.00$, shell content $<3\%$; RCA water absorption $3.85\%\text{ to }6.9\%$, crushing index $10.8\text{--}18\%$ (Tables 1, 2, Section 2.1–2.2).
Compressive strength: Mix formulations achieve 28d strength ranging from $21.6\text{ MPa}$ to $53.6\text{ MPa}$; Belomey formula calibrated with regression coefficients $\alpha_a = 0.44, \alpha_b = 0.12$ (Table 4, Fig. 2).
Structural hybridization: ECC-SSRAC composite elements effectively redistribute shear stresses and enhance deformation ductility.

Linked Atlas nodes

04_material_systems/green_ecc.md
04_material_systems/high_strength_ecc.md

Claim-evidence rows to add

Atlas node	Claim	Evidence summary	Page/Figure/Table	Status
`04_material_systems/green_ecc.md`	Seawater and sea-sand accelerate cement hydration and form Friedel's salts, which densify the porous interfacial transition zone and compensate for the compressive strength loss caused by recycled coarse aggregates.	Literature synthesis and Belomey strength regressions confirmed compressive strength compensation in SSRAC.	Pages 1, 4, Section 2.4 & Abstract, Table 4, Fig. 2	verified_from_pdf

Verification status

PDF preserved: yes (zhang-2024-material-and-structural-properties-of.pdf)
Text extracted: yes (atlas/full_text/zhang-2024-material-and-structural-properties-of_full_text.md)
DOI verified: yes (10.1016/j.jobe.2024.109042)
Page/figure/table verified: yes
Claim-evidence matrix ready: yes

Cautions

Review paper aggregating external literature; raw experimental testing is summarized from cited studies.