Park et al. (2023) — Cementless Ultra-Ductile Composites with 100% Upcycled PE Selvage Fibers
Citation
Se-Eon Park, Jeong-Il Choi, Huy Hoàng Nguyễn, Quang-Hiếu Lương, Phương Hoàng Nguyễn, Bang Yeon Lee (2023). Cementless ultra-ductile composites reinforced by polyethylene-based short selvedge fibers for sustainable and resilient infrastructure. Journal of Building Engineering, 68, 106198.
- DOI:
10.1016/j.jobe.2023.106198 - Atlas layer: extension
- Related Victor Li book chapter: Chapter 9: Green ECC (Section 9.4 & 9.5)
- Source PDF:
primary_data/park-2023-cementless-ultra-ductile-composites-reinforced-by.pdfIJP07323E_Cementless UDC selvedge_JBE.pdf` - Extracted text:
secondary_data/full_texts/park-2023-cementless-ultra-ductile-composites-reinforced-by_full_text.mdsecondary_data/full_texts/IJP07323E_Cementless UDC selvedge_JBE_full_text.md` - Source note:
secondary_data/source_notes/park-2023-cementless-ultra-ductile-composites-reinforced-by_source_note.mdsecondary_data/source_notes/IJP07323E_Cementless UDC selvedge_JBE_source_note.md`
Why this paper matters
Demonstrates complete dual byproduct replacement in high-performance composites by pairing 100 % cementless alkali-activated binders (AAS and AAF) with 100 % upcycled PE selvage textile waste short fibers (18 mm cut). Achieves direct tensile strain capacities of 8.89 % (AAS-S, $f_c = 33.2\text{ MPa}$) and 13.80 % (AAF-S, $f_c = 21.9\text{ MPa}$), while slashing raw material cost by 71.0–74.0 % ($254\text{--}336\text{ \$/m}^3$) and boosting tensile toughness per unit $\text{CO}_2$ by 1.9–12 times over conventional ECC.
Main contribution
- Dual 100 % Byproduct Upcycling: Successfully combined 100 % cementless matrix (AAS/AAF) with 100 % recycled PE selvage short fibers, achieving $8.89 \pm 0.23\text{ \%}$ tensile strain capacity in AAS-S ($f_c = 33.2\text{ MPa}, \sigma_{tu} = 7.80\text{ MPa}$) and $13.80 \pm 1.14\text{ \%}$ in AAF-S ($f_c = 21.9\text{ MPa}, \sigma_{tu} = 6.96\text{ MPa}, P_{to} = 688\text{ kJ/m}^3$).
- 71.0–74.0 % Material Cost Reduction: Proved via MSI modeling that replacing virgin PE fibers with upcycled selvage fibers slashed material cost from $977\text{--}1159\text{ \$/m}^3$ to $254\text{ \$/m}^3$ in AAS-S (-74.0 %) and $336\text{ \$/m}^3$ in AAF-S (-71.0 %).
- 1.3–12x Surge in Toughness per Unit MSI: Normalized tensile toughness per unit $\text{CO}_2$ ($2.22\text{ kJ/kg}$) and per unit dollar ($1.95\text{ kJ/\$}$) reached 1.9–12x and 3.1–7.0x higher than conventional ECCs.
Evidence summary
- 28-Day Compressive Strength: AAS-P = $33.3\text{ MPa}$, AAS-S = $33.2\text{ MPa}$, AAF-P = $22.1\text{ MPa}$, AAF-S = $21.9\text{ MPa}$ (Table 4, Page 4).
- Direct Tensile Performance (28d):
AAS-S(Slag + Selvage PE): $\epsilon_{ts} = \mathbf{8.89 \pm 0.23\text{ \%}}$, $\sigma_{tu} = 7.80 \pm 0.86\text{ MPa}$, $\sigma_{fc} = 2.81\text{ MPa}$, $P_{to} = 471\text{ kJ/m}^3$, $f_{ts}/f_{cr} = 2.8$, $f_{ts}/f_c = 23.5\text{ \%}$ (Table 5 & Figs. 4–5, Pages 4–6).AAF-S(Fly ash + Selvage PE): $\epsilon_{ts} = \mathbf{13.80 \pm 1.14\text{ \%}}$, $\sigma_{tu} = 6.96 \pm 0.33\text{ MPa}$, $\sigma_{fc} = 3.02\text{ MPa}$, $P_{to} = 688\text{ kJ/m}^3$, $f_{ts}/f_{cr} = 2.3$, $f_{ts}/f_c = 31.8\text{ \%}$.AAS-P(Control): $\epsilon_{ts} = 8.61\text{ \%}$, $\sigma_{tu} = 9.41\text{ MPa}$;AAF-P(Control): $\epsilon_{ts} = 11.70\text{ \%}$, $\sigma_{tu} = 7.76\text{ MPa}$.- Crack Microstructure: AAS-S had 70.9 cracks ($w_c = 101.3\ \mu\text{m}$); AAF-S had 39.3 cracks ($w_c = 275.0\ \mu\text{m}$) (Table 6, Page 6).
- MSI Life Cycle Metrics: Cost slashed to $254\text{ \$/m}^3$ (AAS-S) and $336\text{ \$/m}^3$ (AAF-S); carbon emissions cut to 278 and $252\text{ kg/m}^3$ (54–58 % lower than M45 ECC) (Table 7 & Figs. 9–11, Pages 7–11).
Linked Atlas nodes
04_material_systems/green_ecc.md02_concepts/strain_hardening_criteria.md05_experiments/crack_width_distribution.md05_experiments/direct_tensile_test.md
Relationship to Victor Li book
- Primary book anchor remains Victor Li (2019), Engineered Cementitious Composites (ECC).
- Directly extends Chapter 9 (Green ECC, Section 9.4 & 9.5) by establishing the first fully circular, dual-byproduct ECC system (100 % cementless slag/fly ash binder + 100 % recycled PE selvage fibers) that exceeds conventional M45 ECC in ductility (8.89 % in AAS, 13.80 % in AAF), while cutting material costs by 74.0 % ($254\text{ \$/m}^3$) and boosting carbon-normalized toughness ($P_{to}/\text{CO}_2$) by up to 12 times.
Claim-evidence rows to add
| Atlas node | Claim | Evidence summary | Page/Figure/Table | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|
04_material_systems/green_ecc.md |
Replacing 100 % cement with alkali-activated binders and 100 % virgin fibers with PE selvage waste achieves 8.89–13.80 % tensile strain capacity | Direct tension tests verified $\epsilon_{ts} = 8.89\text{ \%}$ in AAS-S and $13.80\text{ \%}$ in AAF-S | Page 106198:1 & 5 / Table 5 / Fig. 4 & 5 | verified_from_pdf |
04_material_systems/green_ecc.md |
Dual byproduct replacement reduces raw material cost by 71–74 % and carbon emissions by 54–58 % vs M45 PVA-ECC | MSI calculations confirmed 71–74 % cost reduction ($254\text{--}336\text{ \$/m}^3$) | Page 106198:7 & 9 / Table 7 / Fig. 9 & 10 | verified_from_pdf |
04_material_systems/green_ecc.md |
Cementless selvage fiber composites deliver 1.9–12 times higher tensile toughness per unit $\text{CO}_2$ (2.22 kJ/kg) than previous ductile composites | Normalized toughness analysis verified 1.9–12x higher $P_{to}/\text{CO}_2$ | Page 106198:9 & 11 / Fig. 11 | verified_from_pdf |
Verification status
- PDF preserved: yes (in
primary_data/IJP07323E_Cementless UDC selvedge_JBE.pdf) - Text extracted: yes (PyMuPDF, 12 pages)
- DOI verified: yes (
10.1016/j.jobe.2023.106198) - Page/figure/table verified: yes (all checked in PDF text)
- Claim-evidence matrix ready: yes
Cautions
- Average crack width in AAF-S ($275\ \mu\text{m}$) is wider than standard ECC ($<100\ \mu\text{m}$) due to extreme 13.8 % elongation.