Kim et al. (2018) — Response of UHPFRC and HDFRC Under Static and Impact Loads
Citation
Gyu-Yong Kim, Jeong-Il Choi, Se-Eon Park, Hongseop Kim, Yun Lee, Bang Yeon Lee (2018). Response of UHPFRC and HDFRC under static and high-velocity projectile impact loads. Construction and Building Materials, 188, 399–408.
- DOI:
10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.08.135 - Atlas layer: extension
- Related Victor Li book chapter: Chapter 7: Dynamic and Impact Behavior of ECC (also Chapter 10)
- Source PDF:
primary_data/kim-2018-response-of-uhpfrc-and-hdfrc.pdfIJP04418E_Response of UHPFRC and HDFRC_CBM.pdf` - Extracted text:
secondary_data/full_texts/kim-2018-response-of-uhpfrc-and-hdfrc_full_text.mdsecondary_data/full_texts/IJP04418E_Response of UHPFRC and HDFRC_CBM_full_text.md` - Source note:
secondary_data/source_notes/kim-2018-response-of-uhpfrc-and-hdfrc_source_note.mdsecondary_data/source_notes/IJP04418E_Response of UHPFRC and HDFRC_CBM_source_note.md`
Why this paper matters
Directly benchmarks strength-oriented UHPFRC ($f_c = 155.2\text{ MPa}$, 1.5 % steel fibers) against ductility-oriented cementless AAS-HDFRC ($f_c = 32.9\text{ MPa}$, 1.75 % PE fibers), revealing that 7.89 % tensile ductility provides equivalent total energy absorption ($0.459\text{ MPa}\cdot\text{m/m}$) and arrests a 225 m/s steel projectile in 60 mm panels without rear scabbing or perforation.
Main contribution
- Ductility-Driven Toughness Parity: Showed that 32.9 MPa Green HDFRC develops $7.89 \pm 0.52\text{ \%}$ direct tensile strain capacity (7.62x UHPFRC) and 119.6 micro-cracks (spacing 0.67 mm), achieving hardening toughness of $0.459\text{ MPa}\cdot\text{m/m}$ (2.8x higher than UHPFRC's $0.161\text{ MPa}\cdot\text{m/m}$).
- High-Velocity Projectile Impact Arrest: Verified that 60 mm panels of both UHPFRC (penetration 12.6 mm) and HDFRC (penetration 41.5 mm) successfully stopped a 66.8 g projectile at 225 m/s (1691 J) with zero rear crater formation.
- NDRC Empirical Model Evaluation: Demonstrated that conventional empirical scabbing formulas fail to account for high-ductility fiber bridging.
Evidence summary
- Direct Tensile Response:
HDFRC: $\epsilon_u = 7.89 \pm 0.52\text{ \%}$, $\sigma_{tu} = 8.27 \pm 1.56\text{ MPa}$, $\sigma_{fc} = 3.36\text{ MPa}$, Hardening toughness = $0.459\text{ MPa}\cdot\text{m/m}$ (Table 6, Page 404).UHPFRC: $\epsilon_u = 1.04 \pm 0.20\text{ \%}$, $\sigma_{tu} = 20.45 \pm 1.60\text{ MPa}$, $\sigma_{fc} = 10.69\text{ MPa}$, Hardening toughness = $0.161\text{ MPa}\cdot\text{m/m}$.- Compressive Strength: $155.2\text{ MPa}$ (UHPFRC) vs $32.9\text{ MPa}$ (HDFRC) (Table 5, Page 403).
- Crack Pattern: HDFRC = 119.6 cracks (spacing 0.67 mm, width 53.0 $\mu\text{m}$) vs UHPFRC = 18.1 cracks (spacing 4.47 mm, width 46.6 $\mu\text{m}$) (Table 8, Page 405).
- Projectile Impact (225 m/s, 1691 J): 60 mm panels arrested the projectile with 0.0 % rear crater in both materials (Table 10, Page 407).
Linked Atlas nodes
04_material_systems/high_strength_ecc.md04_material_systems/green_ecc.md02_concepts/strain_hardening_criteria.md05_experiments/crack_width_distribution.md05_experiments/direct_tensile_test.md
Relationship to Victor Li book
- Primary book anchor remains Victor Li (2019), Engineered Cementitious Composites (ECC).
- Directly extends Chapter 7 (Dynamic and Impact) and Chapter 10 (High-Strength ECC) by proving that tensile energy absorption via multi-cracking ductility is as effective as compressive strength in preventing dynamic impact scabbing.
Claim-evidence rows to add
| Atlas node | Claim | Evidence summary | Page/Figure/Table | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|
04_material_systems/green_ecc.md |
Alkali-activated slag HDFRC achieves 7.89 % tensile ductility with 119.6 cracks and 0.67 mm crack spacing | Direct tensile test yielded $\epsilon_u = 7.89\text{ \%}$ with 119.6 cracks across 80 mm gauge length | Page 399 & 404 / Table 6 & Table 8 | verified_from_pdf |
04_material_systems/high_strength_ecc.md |
UHPFRC delivers 155.2 MPa compressive strength and 20.45 MPa direct tensile strength with 1.04 % strain capacity | 28-day water-cured tests reached $f_c = 155.2\text{ MPa}$ and $\sigma_{tu} = 20.45\text{ MPa}$ | Page 402 & 404 / Table 5 & Table 6 | verified_from_pdf |
04_material_systems/green_ecc.md |
60 mm thick HDFRC panels arrest 225 m/s projectiles without rear scabbing or perforation | High-velocity impact test showed 0 % rear crater and no perforation in 60 mm HDFRC panels | Page 406 & 407 / Table 9 & Table 10 | verified_from_pdf |
Verification status
- PDF preserved: yes (in
primary_data/IJP04418E_Response of UHPFRC and HDFRC_CBM.pdf) - Text extracted: yes (PyMuPDF, 10 pages)
- DOI verified: yes (
10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2018.08.135) - Page/figure/table verified: yes (all checked in PDF text)
- Claim-evidence matrix ready: yes
Cautions
- Penetration depth in HDFRC (41.5 mm) is 3.3x deeper than in UHPFRC (12.6 mm) due to lower matrix compressive hardness.