Choi et al. (2022) — PE Selvage Waste Fiber-Reinforced Highly Ductile ECC

Citation

Jeong-Il Choi, Se-Eon Park, YoungMin Kim, Kanghyeok Yang, Yun Yong Kim, Bang Yeon Lee (2022). Highly ductile behavior and sustainability of engineered cementitious composites reinforced by PE based selvage fibers. Cement and Concrete Composites, 134, 104729.

DOI: 10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2022.104729
Atlas layer: extension
Related Victor Li book chapter: Chapter 9: Green ECC (Section 9.4 & 9.5)
Source PDF: primary_data/choi-2022-highly-ductile-behavior-and-sustainability.pdfIJP06622E_Highly ductile behavior PE selvage_CCC.pdf`
Extracted text: secondary_data/full_texts/choi-2022-highly-ductile-behavior-and-sustainability_full_text.mdsecondary_data/full_texts/IJP06622E_Highly ductile behavior PE selvage_CCC_full_text.md`
Source note: secondary_data/source_notes/choi-2022-highly-ductile-behavior-and-sustainability_source_note.mdsecondary_data/source_notes/IJP06622E_Highly ductile behavior PE selvage_CCC_source_note.md`

Why this paper matters

Solves the severe performance degradation seen in previous recycled-fiber ECCs by upcycling discarded industrial textile waste selvages (PE filament/glass fiber hybrid from bulletproof fabric weaving) into short reinforcing fibers (1.75 vol. %). Proves that 16-mm cut selvage ECC (M-SC) achieves a direct tensile strain capacity of 6.55 % (+36.6 % over virgin PE) and tensile strength of 10.81 MPa ($f_c = 58.2\text{ MPa}$), while slashing material cost by 75.7 % ($244\text{ \$/m}^3$) and embodied energy by 11.0 %.

Main contribution

100 % Recycled Fiber High-Performance ECC: Replaced 100 % of virgin PE fibers with 16-mm cut selvage fibers (M-SC), delivering $10.81\text{ MPa}$ tensile strength, $6.55\text{ \%}$ tensile strain capacity, and $0.44\text{ MPa}\cdot\text{m/m}$ toughness ($f_c = 58.2\text{ MPa}$), exceeding virgin PE controls (4.80 % strain).
Three Upcycling Processing Routes: Invented 3 processing methods (unravelled weft M-S, precision-cut M-SC, warp-cut M-SP), all achieving $>4.3\text{ \%}$ direct tensile ductility.
75.7 % Material Cost Reduction: Quantified sustainability via MSI modeling, proving M-SC reduces raw material cost from 1005 to $244\text{ \$/m}^3$ (-75.7 %) and embodied energy by 11.0 % ($8476\text{ MJ/m}^3$).

Evidence summary

28-Day Compressive Strength: M-PE (Virgin PE Control) = $56.8\text{ MPa}$, M-S = $61.2\text{ MPa}$, M-SC = $58.2\text{ MPa}$, M-SP = $57.9\text{ MPa}$ (Table 4, Page 4).
Direct Tensile Performance (28d):
M-SC (16 mm Cut Selvage): $\epsilon_{ts} = 6.55 \pm 0.18\text{ \%}$ (+36.6 % vs Virgin PE), $\sigma_{tu} = 10.81 \pm 0.44\text{ MPa}$, $\sigma_{fc} = 2.91\text{ MPa}$, Toughness = $0.44\text{ MPa}\cdot\text{m/m}$, $f_{ts}/f_{cr} = 3.72$ (Tables 5 & 6, Pages 4–6).
M-PE (Virgin PE Control): $\epsilon_{ts} = 4.80 \pm 0.19\text{ \%}$, $\sigma_{tu} = 11.10 \pm 0.62\text{ MPa}$, $\sigma_{fc} = 3.57\text{ MPa}$, Toughness = $0.35\text{ MPa}\cdot\text{m/m}$, $f_{ts}/f_{cr} = 3.11$.
M-S: $\epsilon_{ts} = 4.49\text{ \%}$, $\sigma_{tu} = 7.32\text{ MPa}$; M-SP: $\epsilon_{ts} = 4.34\text{ \%}$, $\sigma_{tu} = 6.02\text{ MPa}$.
Crack Microstructure: 63.5 cracks with 1.27 mm spacing and $83.2\ \mu\text{m}$ crack width in M-SC (Table 7, Page 7).
MSI Life Cycle Metrics: Cost slashed by 75.7 % ($244\text{ \$/m}^3$ vs $1005\text{ \$/m}^3$); embodied energy cut by 11.0 % ($8476\text{ MJ/m}^3$) (Table 8 & Fig. 9, Pages 8–9).

Linked Atlas nodes

04_material_systems/green_ecc.md
02_concepts/strain_hardening_criteria.md
05_experiments/crack_width_distribution.md
05_experiments/direct_tensile_test.md

Relationship to Victor Li book

Primary book anchor remains Victor Li (2019), Engineered Cementitious Composites (ECC).
Directly extends Chapter 9 (Green ECC, Section 9.4 & 9.5) by demonstrating that high-strength PE selvage edge waste replaces 100 % of virgin PE fibers without ductility penalty, achieving 6.55 % tensile strain capacity, 10.81 MPa tensile strength, and 75.7 % cost reduction.

Claim-evidence rows to add

Atlas node	Claim	Evidence summary	Page/Figure/Table	Status
`04_material_systems/green_ecc.md`	16-mm cut PE selvage waste fibers achieve 10.81 MPa tensile strength and 6.55 % strain capacity, exceeding virgin PE ECC ductility	Direct tension tests verified $\epsilon_{ts} = 6.55\text{ \%}$, $\sigma_{tu} = 10.81\text{ MPa}$, and toughness 0.44 $\text{MPa}\cdot\text{m/m}$	Page 104729:5 & 8 / Table 5 / Fig. 4 & 6	verified_from_pdf
`04_material_systems/green_ecc.md`	Replacing virgin PE fibers with upcycled selvage fibers cuts ECC material cost by 75.7 % from 1005 to 244 $\text{\$/m}^3$	MSI life cycle calculations confirmed 75.7 % cost reduction and 11.0 % energy savings	Page 104729:8 & 9 / Table 8 / Fig. 9	verified_from_pdf
`02_concepts/strain_hardening_criteria.md`	M-SC delivers a strength performance index ($f_{ts}/f_{cr}$) of 3.72, sustaining robust multiple cracking with 63.5 cracks and $83.2\ \mu\text{m}$ crack width	Crack analysis verified $f_{ts}/f_{cr} = 3.72$ with saturated cracking ($w_c = 83.2\ \mu\text{m}$)	Page 104729:6 & 7 / Table 6 & Table 7 / Fig. 7	verified_from_pdf

Verification status

PDF preserved: yes (in primary_data/IJP06622E_Highly ductile behavior PE selvage_CCC.pdf)
Text extracted: yes (PyMuPDF, 10 pages)
DOI verified: yes (10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2022.104729)
Page/figure/table verified: yes (all checked in PDF text)
Claim-evidence matrix ready: yes

Cautions

Selvage fibers yield wider crack widths ($83.2\ \mu\text{m}$) than virgin PE ($34.5\ \mu\text{m}$) due to larger filament bundle dimensions.