Choi et al. (2022) — High-Velocity Projectile Impact Resistance of Hybrid Layered Panels
Citation
Jeong-Il Choi, Se-Eon Park, Huy Hoàng Nguyễn, Yun Lee, Bang Yeon Lee (2022). Resistance of hybrid layered composite panels composed of fiber-reinforced cementitious composites against high-velocity projectile impact. Composite Structures, 281, 114993.
- DOI:
10.1016/j.compstruct.2021.114993 - Atlas layer: extension
- Related Victor Li book chapter: Chapter 11: Structural Applications (Section 11.3)
- Source PDF:
primary_data/choi-2022-resistance-of-hybrid-layered-composite.pdfIJP06522E_Resistance of hybrid layered composite_COST.pdf` - Extracted text:
secondary_data/full_texts/choi-2022-resistance-of-hybrid-layered-composite_full_text.mdsecondary_data/full_texts/IJP06522E_Resistance of hybrid layered composite_COST_full_text.md` - Source note:
secondary_data/source_notes/choi-2022-resistance-of-hybrid-layered-composite_source_note.mdsecondary_data/source_notes/IJP06522E_Resistance of hybrid layered composite_COST_source_note.md`
Why this paper matters
Investigates 40-mm-thick hybrid layered composite panels subjected to high-velocity projectile impact (217 m/s, 1557 J steel slug), proving that placing ultra-high-strength fiber-reinforced concrete (146 MPa UHPFRC) on the front strike face and high-ductility slag composite (4.63 % tensile strain Green ECC) on the rear face (HS1.5-HD) completely arrests penetration (11.5 mm depth) with zero rear scabbing and the lowest mass loss (0.87 %), converting brittle cone shear plugging into ductile tensile deformation.
Main contribution
- Optimal Hybrid Layering Synergy: Proved that strike-face UHPFRC paired with rear-face Green ECC (
HS1.5-HD) completely arrests 217 m/s projectiles with 0.87 % mass loss and zero scabbing, whereas reversing the layering (HD-HS1.5) causes complete perforation (14.4 % mass loss). - Elimination of Rear Scabbing: The 4.63 % tensile ductility and $0.40\text{ MPa}\cdot\text{m/m}$ toughness of the rear Green ECC layer absorbs reflected tensile waves and eliminates the cone shear scabbing observed in monolithic UHPFRC.
- Retrofit Upgrade for Strain-Softening UHPFRC: Successfully prevented perforation by backing a 0.3 vol. % steel fiber UHPFRC (HS0.3, strain-softening) with a ductile Green ECC layer (
HS0.3-HD).
Evidence summary
- Static Material Properties (28d):
HS0.3: $f_{cu} = 141\text{ MPa}$, $\sigma_{fc} = 8.7\text{ MPa}$, $\epsilon_u = 0.01\text{ \%}$ (strain-softening) (Table 2, Page 4).HS1.5: $f_{cu} = 146\text{ MPa}$, $\sigma_{fc} = 10.4\text{ MPa}$, $\sigma_t = 17.0\text{ MPa}$, $\epsilon_u = 0.47\text{ \%}$, Toughness = $0.24\text{ MPa}\cdot\text{m/m}$.HD: $f_{cu} = 45\text{ MPa}$, $\sigma_{fc} = 3.7\text{ MPa}$, $\sigma_t = 13.5\text{ MPa}$, $\epsilon_u = 4.63\text{ \%}$, Toughness = $0.40\text{ MPa}\cdot\text{m/m}$.- Dynamic Impact Performance (217 m/s, 1557 J):
HS1.5-HD(Front HS / Rear HD): No perforation, penetration depth 11.5 mm, mass loss 0.87 %, rear crater 0.90 %, zero scabbing (Tables 3 & 4, Pages 5–8).HS1.5(Monolithic): No perforation, depth 9.6 mm, mass loss 0.97 %, but suffered rear scabbing (influenced area 27.3 %).HD-HS1.5(Front HD / Rear HS): Complete perforation, mass loss 14.4 %, rear crater 30.3 %.HS0.3-HD: No perforation, depth 14.0 mm, mass loss 2.71 % (vs complete perforation in monolithic HS0.3).
Linked Atlas nodes
04_material_systems/green_ecc.md04_material_systems/high_strength_ecc.md02_concepts/strain_hardening_criteria.md05_experiments/direct_tensile_test.md
Relationship to Victor Li book
- Primary book anchor remains Victor Li (2019), Engineered Cementitious Composites (ECC).
- Directly extends Chapter 11 (Structural Applications, Section 11.3) by formulating a dual-layer functionally graded architecture (146 MPa UHPFRC strike face + 4.63 % ductile Green ECC rear face) that completely suppresses scabbing under ballistic projectile impact.
Claim-evidence rows to add
| Atlas node | Claim | Evidence summary | Page/Figure/Table | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|
04_material_systems/high_strength_ecc.md |
Layering 146 MPa UHPFRC on the strike face and 4.63 % ductile Green ECC on the rear face (HS1.5-HD) achieves zero rear scabbing and 0.87 % mass loss against 217 m/s impact | Impact tests confirmed no perforation, 11.5 mm penetration, 0.87 % mass loss, and zero scabbing | Page 114993:6 & 8 / Table 3, Table 4, Table 5 | verified_from_pdf |
04_material_systems/high_strength_ecc.md |
Material arrangement dictates perforation: front-strike UHPFRC with rear ECC arrests projectile, whereas reversing the order (HD-HS1.5) leads to perforation | Reversing layer order increased mass loss to 14.4 % and caused perforation | Page 114993:6 & 8 / Table 3 & Table 4 | verified_from_pdf |
04_material_systems/green_ecc.md |
Rear Green ECC layer converts panel failure mode under high-velocity impact from brittle cone shear plugging to ductile radial tensile yielding | High tensile strain capacity (4.63 %) suppressed brittle cone formation | Page 114993:7 & 9 / Table 3 / Section 3.2 | verified_from_pdf |
Verification status
- PDF preserved: yes (in
primary_data/IJP06522E_Resistance of hybrid layered composite_COST.pdf) - Text extracted: yes (PyMuPDF, 10 pages)
- DOI verified: yes (
10.1016/j.compstruct.2021.114993) - Page/figure/table verified: yes (all checked in PDF text)
- Claim-evidence matrix ready: yes
Cautions
- Monolithic Green ECC (HD) fails under ballistic impact due to lower compressive resistance (45 MPa); it must be backed behind a high-strength strike face.