Luong et al. (2023) — Extremely-ductile alkali-activated slag-based composite with a tensile...

Citation

Quang-Hiếu Lương, Huy Hoàng Nguyễn, Phương Hoàng Nguyễn, Su-Tae Kang, Bang Yeon Lee (2023). Extremely-ductile alkali-activated slag-based composite with a tensile strain capacity up to 22%. Ceramics International, Vol. 49, Issue 8, pp. 12069–12078.

DOI: 10.1016/j.ceramint.2022.12.057
Atlas layer: breakthrough
Related Victor Li book chapter: Chapter 3: Micro-mechanics; Chapter 4: Special ECCs / Geopolymers
Source PDF: luong-2023-extremely-ductile-alkali-activated-slag-based-composite-with.pdf
Extracted text: atlas/full_text/luong-2023-extremely-ductile-alkali-activated-slag-based-composite-with_full_text.md
Source note: atlas/source_notes/luong-2023-extremely-ductile-alkali-activated-slag-based-composite-with_source_note.md

Why this paper matters

World-record breakthrough in composite material ductility achieving an unprecedented uniaxial tensile strain capacity of 22.34 ± 0.48% (surpassing the elongation of structural reinforcing steel) in a 100% cement-free alkali-activated slag composite (ED-AASC) with 1.75 vol% PE fibers, 5 wt% crumb rubber, high sand content (s/b = 0.8), and 53.6 MPa compressive strength.

Main contribution

Shattered global tensile ductility records, achieving $22.34 \pm 0.48\%$ tensile strain capacity with $7.63\text{ MPa}$ tensile strength and $53.6\text{ MPa}$ compressive strength.
Overcame high sand content ($s/b = 0.8$) brittleness by incorporating 5 wt% recycled crumb rubber ($400\ \mu\text{m}$) to lower matrix fracture toughness.
Demonstrated extraordinary beam flexural ductility with $103\text{ mm}$ center deflection under 4-point bending without rupture.

Evidence summary

Compressive strength: $f_c = 53.6 \pm 0.98\text{ MPa}$ in R5-S8-M1 (Table 7, page 4, Fig. 7).
Direct tensile properties:
R5-S8-M1 (Record): $\sigma_{tc} = 4.70\text{ MPa}$, $\sigma_{tu} = 7.63 \pm 0.23\text{ MPa}$, $\varepsilon_{tu} = 22.34 \pm 0.48\%$, toughness $E_t = 1.38\text{ MPa}\cdot\text{m/m}$, 86.4 cracks (50 mm gage).
R5-S8-M2: $\sigma_{tu} = 8.19\text{ MPa}$, $\varepsilon_{tu} = 20.89 \pm 2.13\%$, $E_t = 1.29\text{ MPa}\cdot\text{m/m}$.
R5-S8-M0: $\sigma_{tu} = 7.92\text{ MPa}$, $\varepsilon_{tu} = 9.81\%$ (Table 4, page 5, Figs. 8, 14).
Performance index: $f_c \cdot \varepsilon_{ts} = 11.9\text{ MPa}$, surpassing prior benchmarks by $>60\%$ (Table 7, page 8).

Linked Atlas nodes

02_concepts/extreme_ductility_ecc.md
04_material_systems/green_ecc.md
02_concepts/strain_hardening_criteria.md
05_experiments/direct_tensile_test.md

Claim-evidence rows to add

Atlas node	Claim	Evidence summary	Page/Figure/Table	Status
`02_concepts/extreme_ductility_ecc.md`	ED-AASC (R5-S8-M1) achieves a world-record tensile strain capacity of 22.34 ± 0.48% and 53.6 MPa compressive strength with 1.75 vol% PE fibers and high sand content (s/b = 0.8).	JSCE direct tension testing verified world-record 22.34% tensile strain capacity and 53.6 MPa compressive strength.	Pages 1, 5, 8, Section 3.1 & Abstract, Tables 4, 7, Figs. 8b, 14	verified_from_pdf
`04_material_systems/green_ecc.md`	Incorporating 5 wt% crumb rubber in alkali-activated slag matrix enables high sand content (s/b = 0.8) without sacrificing multiple cracking, achieving 103 mm flexural deflection.	Flexural and crack mapping tests confirmed saturated multi-cracking with 103 mm deflection.	Pages 2, 6, 7, Section 1 & 3.1, Figs. 10, 12, Table 6	verified_from_pdf

Verification status

PDF preserved: yes (luong-2023-extremely-ductile-alkali-activated-slag-based-composite-with.pdf)
Text extracted: yes (atlas/full_text/luong-2023-extremely-ductile-alkali-activated-slag-based-composite-with_full_text.md)
DOI verified: yes (10.1016/j.ceramint.2022.12.057)
Page/figure/table verified: yes
Claim-evidence matrix ready: yes

Cautions

Average crack width ($212.0\ \mu\text{m}$) is wider than standard ECC ($<100\ \mu\text{m}$) due to huge cumulative deformation.