Kang et al. (2016) — Control of Tensile Behavior of UHPC Through Artificial Flaws
Citation
Su-Tae Kang, Kang-Seok Lee, Jeong-Il Choi, Yun Lee, Burak Felekoğlu, Bang Yeon Lee (2016). Control of Tensile Behavior of Ultra-High Performance Concrete Through Artificial Flaws and Fiber Hybridization. International Journal of Concrete Structures and Materials, 10(3 Supplement), S33–S41.
- DOI:
10.1007/s40069-016-0155-6 - Atlas layer: supporting
- Related Victor Li book chapter: Chapter 4: Micromechanics-Based Material Design (also Chapter 10)
- Source PDF:
primary_data/kang-2016-control-of-tensile-behavior-of.pdfIJP02716E_Control of tensile behavior1_IJCSM.pdf` - Extracted text:
secondary_data/full_texts/kang-2016-control-of-tensile-behavior-of_full_text.mdsecondary_data/full_texts/IJP02716E_Control of tensile behavior1_IJCSM_full_text.md` - Source note:
secondary_data/source_notes/kang-2016-control-of-tensile-behavior-of_source_note.mdsecondary_data/source_notes/IJP02716E_Control of tensile behavior1_IJCSM_source_note.md`
Why this paper matters
Proves that introducing artificial flaws (2.0 vol. % hydrophobic polystyrene beads) and steel-PE fiber hybridization in 140–150 MPa UHPC lowers first cracking stress, elevates the stress performance index ($\sigma_u/\sigma_{fc}$) up to 1.8, increases tensile ductility to 1.21 %, and slashes crack width down to 41.1 $\mu\text{m}$.
Main contribution
- Artificial Flaw Implementation in UHPC: Introduced 3.5 mm hydrophobic PS beads (2.0 vol. %) into 140–150 MPa UHPC, reducing first cracking strength ($\sigma_{fc}$) by 5.6–8.7 % to promote steady-state multiple cracking.
- Stress Performance Index Enhancement: Elevated the $\sigma_u/\sigma_{fc}$ ratio from 1.4 (steel control) to 1.5 (with PS beads), 1.7 (steel-PE hybrid), and 1.8 (steel-PE + PS beads).
- Crack Width and Spacing Homogenization: PS beads increased crack count by 51.3 % (11.5 $\rightarrow$ 17.4 cracks), reduced average crack width from 65.7 $\mu\text{m}$ to 41.1 $\mu\text{m}$ (-37.5 %), and reduced crack spacing standard deviation by 96.2 %.
Evidence summary
- Direct Tensile Response: $\epsilon_u = 1.21 \sim 1.22\text{ \%}$ for steel-PE hybrid mixes vs $0.94\text{ \%}$ for steel control; ultimate tensile strength $\sigma_u = 15.1 \sim 16.8\text{ MPa}$ (Figs. 5–7, Pages S37–S38).
- Compressive Strength: $146\text{ MPa}$ (M-S), $140\text{ MPa}$ (M-S-PB), $138\text{ MPa}$ (M-PE), $134\text{ MPa}$ (M-PE-PB) (Table 6, Page S37).
- Crack Characteristics: M-S-PB achieved 17.4 cracks with $41.1\ \mu\text{m}$ crack width; M-PE-PB achieved 13.8 cracks with $70.1\ \mu\text{m}$ crack width (Figs. 9–11, Page S39).
Linked Atlas nodes
04_material_systems/high_strength_ecc.md02_concepts/strain_hardening_criteria.md02_concepts/fiber_hybridization.md05_experiments/crack_width_distribution.md05_experiments/direct_tensile_test.md
Relationship to Victor Li book
- Primary book anchor remains Victor Li (2019), Engineered Cementitious Composites (ECC).
- Directly supports Chapter 4 (Flaw Size Tailoring) and Chapter 10 (UHP-ECC) by demonstrating that flaw engineering allows dense, high-strength matrices to satisfy saturated PSH criteria.
Claim-evidence rows to add
| Atlas node | Claim | Evidence summary | Page/Figure/Table | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|
02_concepts/strain_hardening_criteria.md |
Hydrophobic PS beads act as artificial flaws in UHPC, elevating the stress performance index $\sigma_u/\sigma_{fc}$ up to 1.8 | $\sigma_u/\sigma_{fc}$ increased from 1.4 (M-S) to 1.8 (M-PE-PB) through artificial flaw tailoring | Page S38 / Section 3.3 / Fig. 5 & 6 | verified_from_pdf |
05_experiments/crack_width_distribution.md |
Artificial flaw tailoring in UHPC increases crack count by 51.3 % and tightens crack width down to 41.1 $\mu\text{m}$ | M-S-PB developed 17.4 cracks with $41.1\ \mu\text{m}$ crack width vs 11.5 cracks and $65.7\ \mu\text{m}$ in M-S | Page S38 & S39 / Figs. 9 & 10 | verified_from_pdf |
02_concepts/fiber_hybridization.md |
Steel-PE fiber hybridization in 140 MPa UHPC achieves 1.21-1.22 % direct tensile ductility | M-PE and M-PE-PB achieved $\epsilon_u = 1.22\text{ \%}$ and $1.21\text{ \%}$ (+29 % vs steel control) | Page S38 & S40 / Fig. 7 | verified_from_pdf |
Verification status
- PDF preserved: yes (in
primary_data/IJP02716E_Control of tensile behavior1_IJCSM.pdf) - Text extracted: yes (PyMuPDF, 9 pages)
- DOI verified: yes (
10.1007/s40069-016-0155-6) - Page/figure/table verified: yes (all checked in PDF text)
- Claim-evidence matrix ready: yes
Cautions
- Adding 2.0 vol. % PS beads incurs a minor compressive strength reduction (3.6–7.8 %).