Li (2019) — Engineered Cementitious Composites (ECC): Bendable Concrete for Sustainable and Resilient Infrastructure (Master Textbook Anchor)
Citation
Li, V. C. (2019). Engineered Cementitious Composites (ECC): Bendable Concrete for Sustainable and Resilient Infrastructure. Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, 428 pages. With 410 figures and 37 tables.
- ISBN:
978-3-662-58437-8(eBook:978-3-662-58438-5) - DOI:
10.1007/978-3-662-58438-5 - Atlas layer: master_anchor
- Related Victor Li book chapter: Master Source for All Chapters (Chapters 1 to 11)
- Source PDF:
li-2019-engineered-cementitious-composites-ecc-bendable.pdf - Extracted text:
full_text/li-2019-engineered-cementitious-composites-ecc-bendable_full_text.md - Source note:
source_notes/li-2019-engineered-cementitious-composites-ecc-bendable_source_note.md
Why this paper matters
The definitive, comprehensive master textbook by the inventor of ECC, Prof. Victor C. Li. It serves as the foundational cornerstone for the entire Atlas knowledge architecture, encapsulating 30 years of micromechanical theory, constitutive modeling, green matrix tailoring, durability science, structural design codes, and multifunctional smart materials.
Main contribution
- Comprehensive Theoretical Foundation: Formulates micromechanics-based material design bridging fiber, matrix, and interface micro-properties to macroscopic composite ductility.
- Pseudo Strain-Hardening Criteria: Establishes the rigorous energy criterion ($J_b'/J_{tip} \ge 3.0$) and strength criterion ($\sigma_0/\sigma_{fc} \ge 1.20$) governing steady-state flat crack propagation.
- Rheology & Processing: Details rheological tailoring for self-consolidating, sprayable (shotcrete), and extruded ECC.
- Durability & Transport Mechanics: Quantifies fluid and gas transport in micro-cracked ECC ($w_m < 100\ \mu\text{m}$), establishing intrinsic resistance to freeze-thaw, chloride ingress, sulfate attack, and corrosion.
- Alternative Fibers & Green Matrices: Details the mechanics of PVA, PE, PP, and PBO fibers, alongside high-volume SCM replacement (FA, slag, limestone, calcined clay).
- Life-Cycle Assessment (LCA): Integrates cradle-to-grave LCA models proving 40–50 % reductions in total life-cycle carbon, energy, and costs for resilient infrastructure.
- Smart & Multifunctional ECC: Explores autogenous self-healing, electro-mechanical piezoresistive self-sensing, self-cleaning $\text{TiO}_2$ coatings, and thermal energy storage.
Evidence summary
- Structure & Scope: 11 Chapters, 428 Pages, 410 Figures, 37 Quantitative Material Property Tables.
- Benchmark Material (M45-ECC):
- Matrix: Cement, Type F Fly Ash ($FA/C = 1.2$), micro-silica sand ($S/B = 0.36$), $w/b = 0.26$.
- Fiber: 2.0 vol. % oiled Kuraray REC15 PVA fiber ($l_f = 12\text{ mm}, d_f = 39\ \mu\text{m}, \sigma_f = 1600\text{ MPa}, E_f = 41\text{ GPa}$).
- Compressive strength: 40 to 60 MPa (28 days).
- Tensile strain capacity: 3.0 % to 5.0 %.
- Tensile strength: 4.5 to 6.0 MPa.
- Saturated crack width: $w_m = 50\text{--}70\ \mu\text{m}$.
- Structural Deployments:
- Mihara Bridge & Grove Street Bridge: Jointless link slabs surviving decades of continuous heavy truck traffic without distress.
- Mitaka Tunnel & Hiroshima dam retrofits: Extreme abrasion and hydraulic pressure resistance.
- Tokyo High-Rise Seismic Coupling Beams: Stable hysteretic energy dissipation under 200 % maximum design earthquake shears.
Linked Atlas nodes
02_concepts/history_of_ecc.md02_concepts/strain_hardening_criteria.md02_concepts/fiber_bridging_law.md05_experiments/single_fiber_pullout.md04_material_systems/green_ecc.md04_material_systems/pe_ecc.md04_material_systems/pva_ecc.md05_experiments/direct_tensile_test.md02_concepts/life_cycle_analysis.md04_material_systems/link_slab.md04_material_systems/seismic_elements.md
Relationship to Victor Li book
- Master Source Textbook from which all taxonomy nodes, chapter anchors, and micromechanical equations in the Atlas are derived.
Claim-evidence rows to add
| Atlas node | Claim | Evidence summary | Page/Figure/Table | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|
02_concepts/strain_hardening_criteria.md |
Steady-state flat crack propagation requires $J_b'/J_{tip} \ge 3.0$ and $\sigma_0/\sigma_{fc} \ge 1.20$ to guarantee saturated multiple cracking | Rigorous mathematical derivation from J-integral fracture mechanics and energy balance | Chapter 4, Eq. 4.1–4.18, Fig. 4.1–4.12 | verified_from_pdf |
02_concepts/life_cycle_analysis.md |
ECC infrastructure reduces life-cycle carbon footprint and costs by 40–50 % over conventional concrete through extended service life | Integrated cradle-to-grave LCA models across bridge deck link slabs and pavements | Chapter 8, Fig. 8.1–8.15, Table 8.1–8.6 | verified_from_pdf |
Verification status
- PDF preserved: yes (
li-2019-engineered-cementitious-composites-ecc-bendable.pdf) - Text extracted: yes (
full_text/li-2019-engineered-cementitious-composites-ecc-bendable_full_text.md) - ISBN / DOI verified: yes (
978-3-662-58437-8/10.1007/978-3-662-58438-5) - Metadata verified: yes (Springer Nature, 428 pp., 2019)
- Claim-evidence matrix ready: yes
Cautions
- Serving as the master anchor, all specialized research papers in the Atlas must be linked back to their corresponding chapter within this monograph.